Michael Lewis - The Gothic Revival

"The Gothic Revival," writes Michael Lewis, "is more than a fashion craze for pointed arches and pinnacles. During its years of greatest influence, it subjected every aspect of art, belief, society, and labor to intense intellectual scrutiny, using the Middle Ages as a platform from which to judge the modern world." It is the unique merit of Professor Lewis's study of this nineteenth-century movement that it gives as much attention to ideas as to aesthetics. In England the Gothic Revival's roots lay in romantic literature, but with Pugin, Ruskin, and Morris it assumed a deeply moral character as well. In France and Germany the emphasis changed, taking on political and nationalistic overtones. Such buildings as the Houses of Parliament in London and the rebuilt cathedral of Cologne were as much statements of principle as works of architectural imagination. Viollet-le-Duc saw Gothic as an expression of French rationalism. Ludwig II made it into an evocation of the heroic Germanic past. In America it stood for